Arrangement

The second canon of rhetoric. Arrangement involves the organization of a discourse to ensure that all available means of persuasion are included and utilized properly. Cicero, the inventor of the five canons, laid out the order in which the three appeals of Aristotle should be included in a speech/written discourse. In the introduction, the orator should build his or her credibility using ethical appeals (ethos). The bulk of the paper should contain facts and ideas that appeal to the audience's logic. (logos). In the conclusion, the rhetorician should employ emotional arguments (pathos). While Cicero's recommendations are still used by many today, the arrangement of the audience can vary from this format. Depending on the audience and kairos, the writer/orator can order the appeals in the most opportune way.